Road signs in Russia

The world's first road signs were approved at an international conference of motorists in 1909; among the participants were the Russian Empire. There were four road signs of that time and all of them were round: "uneven surface", "crossroads", "bends", and "railway crossing". New road signs and signals were officially adopted already in the USSR on December 1, 1927. In 1933, the number of road signs in the USSR was increased to 23 and they received the current shapes and colours, and for the first time they were divided into three categories: "warning", "prohibition" and "indicative". The following changes and additions regarding road signs were adopted on January 1, 1961, after the USSR joined the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic in 1959. The number of road signs has increased to 36. All signs received a yellow background. In 1968, the Convention on Road Traffic and Road Signs and Signals was created in Vienna. Among the countries that adopted the Vienna Convention was the USSR.[1] New rules of the road, as well as road signs adopted by this convention, entered into force in the USSR in 1973. Subsequently, changes and additions to the rules of the road, road signs and signals were made in 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980, 1984 and 1987.[2]

Currently, the most common signs are made on a metal substrate covered with a reflective film. Signs that are illuminated around the perimeter or along the contour of the image of the sign, made using miniature incandescent lamps or LEDs, have become slightly widespread.

In February 2019, the traffic police supported proposals for the introduction of reduced road signs, the idea was initiated by the Moscow government. They are planned to be installed throughout Russia after a successful experiment. The allowable size of signs will be reduced to 40 cm (16 inches) in diameter, and in some cases to 35 cm (14 inches), which is almost half the current standard of 60 cm (24 inches).[3]

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  Railway crossing with a barrier
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  Railway crossing without a barrier
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  Single-track railway
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  Multi-track railway
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  Approaching a railway crossing
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  Approaching a railway crossing
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  Approaching a railway crossing
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  Approaching a railway crossing
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  Approaching a railway crossing
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  Approaching a railway crossing
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  Trams
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  Intersection
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  Roundabout
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  Traffic signals
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  Drawbridge
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  Departure to the embankment
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  Dangerous curve
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  Dangerous curve
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  Dangerous curves
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  Dangerous curves
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  Steep descent
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  Steep climb
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  Slippery road
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  Rough road
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  Bump
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  Gravel surface
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  Dangerous roadside
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  Narrowing of the road
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  Narrowing of the road
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  Narrowing of the road
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  Two-way traffic
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  Pedestrian crossing
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  Children
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  Intersection with a bike path or bike and pedestrian path
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  Roadworks
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  Cattle
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  Wild animals
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  Falling rocks ahead
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  Side wind
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  Low-flying aircraft
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  Tunnel
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  Congestion
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  Other hazards
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Hazard chevron
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  Box junction

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  Priority road
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  End of the priority road
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  Intersection with a secondary road
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  Secondary road junction
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  Secondary road junction
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  Secondary road junction
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  Secondary road junction
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  Secondary road junction
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  Secondary road junction
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  Give way
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  Stop
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  Oncoming traffic has priority
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  Priority over oncoming traffic

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  Entry is prohibited
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  Traffic is prohibited
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  The movement of motor vehicles is prohibited
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  Lorries exceeding indicated weight prohibited
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  The movement of motorcycles is prohibited
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  The movement of tractors is prohibited
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  Driving with a trailer is prohibited
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  The movement of horse-drawn carts is prohibited
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  Cycling is prohibited
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  Pedestrian traffic is prohibited
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  Vehicle weight limit
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  Limitation of the mass per axle of the vehicle
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  Height limit
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  Width limit
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  Length limit
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  Limitation of the minimum distance
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  Customs
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  Danger
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  Control
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  Turning to the right is prohibited
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  Turning to the left is prohibited
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  U-turn is prohibited
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  Overtaking is prohibited
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  End of overtaking prohibition zone
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  Overtaking by trucks is prohibited
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  End of the zone prohibiting overtaking by trucks
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  Maximum speed limit
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  End of the maximum speed limit zone
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  Beeping is prohibited
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  Stopping is prohibited
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  Parking is prohibited
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  Parking is prohibited on odd days of the month
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  Parking is prohibited on even days of the month
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  End of All restrictions zone
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  The movement of vehicles with dangerous goods is prohibited
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  The movement of vehicles with explosive and flammable loads is prohibited
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  Buses prohibited

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  Driving straight
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  Moving to the right
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  Movement to the left
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  Driving straight or to the right
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  Driving straight or left
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  Movement to the right or to the left
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  Detour of the obstacle on the right
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  Detour of the obstacle on the left
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  Detour obstacles on the right or left
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  Direction of roundabout traffic
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  Bicycle path
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  End of a bike lane
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  Footpath
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  Pedestrian and bicycle path with combined traffic
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  The end of the pedestrian and bicycle path with combined traffic
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  Pedestrian and bicycle path with traffic separation
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  Pedestrian and bicycle path with traffic separation
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  The end of the pedestrian and bicycle lane with traffic separation
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  The end of the pedestrian and bicycle lane with traffic separation
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  Minimum speed limit
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  End of the minimum speed limit zone
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  Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
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  Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
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  Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods

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  Motorway
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  End of the motorway
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  Road for cars
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  End of the road for cars
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  One-way road
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  End of one-way road
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  Exit to a one-way road
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  Exit to a one-way road
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  Reversible lane
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  End of reversible lane
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  Reversible lane
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  A road with a line for fixed-route vehicles
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  A road with a lane for cyclists
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  End of the road with a lane for fixed-route vehicles
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  End of the road with a lane for cyclists
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  Exit to the road with a lane for fixed-route vehicles
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  Exit to the road with a lane for fixed-route vehicles
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  Exit to the road with a lane for cyclists
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  Exit to the road with a lane for cyclists
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  Bus lane
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  Cycle lane
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  End of bus lane
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  End of cycle lane
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  Lane directions
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  Lane directions
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  Lane directions
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  Lane directions
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  Lane directions
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  Lane directions
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  The beginning of the lane
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  The beginning of the lane
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  The beginning of the lane
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  The beginning of the lane
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  The beginning of the lane
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  End of the lane
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  End of the lane
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  Lane direction
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  Lane direction
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  Lane direction
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  Number of lanes
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  Bus and/or trolleybus stop location
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  Tram stop location
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  Parking place for passenger taxis
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  Pedestrian crossing
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  Pedestrian crossing
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  Bump
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  Residential area
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  End of residential area
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  The beginning of the settlement
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  The beginning of the settlement
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  End of locality
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  End of locality
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  The beginning of the settlement
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  End of settlement
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  Restricted parking area
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  End of the parking restriction zone
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  Regulated parking area
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  End of the regulated parking area
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  Zone with maximum speed limit
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  End of zone with maximum speed limit
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  Pedestrian zone
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  End of pedestrian zone
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  Zone with restriction of ecological class of motor vehicles
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  End of zone with restriction of ecological class of motor vehicles
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  Zone with restriction of ecological class of trucks
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  End of zone restriction of ecological class of trucks
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  Cycle zone
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  End of cycle zone

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  General maximum speed limits
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  Recommended speed
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  Place for a U-turn
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  The area for a U-turn
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  Parking (parking space)
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  Emergency stop lane
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  Underground pedestrian crossing
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  Above ground pedestrian crossing
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  Deadlock
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  Deadlock
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  Deadlock
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Preliminary direction indicator
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  Traffic scheme
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  Direction indicator
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  Direction indicator
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  Direction indicator
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  Direction indicator
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  Direction indicator
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  Direction indicator
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  Direction indicator
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  Name of the object
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  Name of the object
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  Name of the object
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  Distance indicator
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  Distance indicator
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  Distance indicator
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  Kilometer sign
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  Route number
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  Route number
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  Route number
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  Route number
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  Route number
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  Route number
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  Route number
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  Direction of movement for trucks
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  Direction of movement for trucks
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  Direction of movement for trucks
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  Stop line
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  Detour scheme
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  Detour direction
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  Detour direction
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  Detour direction
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  Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
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  Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
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  Emergency exit
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  Emergency exit
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  Direction of movement to the emergency exit
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  Direction of movement to the emergency exit
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  Photovideofixation

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  Point of medical care
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  Hospital
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  Gas station
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  Vehicle maintenance
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  Car washing
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  Phone
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  Food point
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  Drinking water
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  Hotel or motel
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  Camping
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  Place of rest
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  Traffic police post
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  Police
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  Transport control point
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  Customs control point
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  Reception area of a radio station transmitting traffic information
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  Radio communication area with emergency services
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  Pool or beach
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  Toilet
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  Emergency telephone number
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  Fire extinguisher
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  Gas station with possibility of charging electric vehicles

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  Distance to the object
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  Distance to the object
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  Distance to the object
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  Distance to the object
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  Coverage area
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  Coverage area
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  Coverage area
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  Coverage area
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  Coverage area
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  Coverage area
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  Directions of action
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  Directions of action
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  Directions of action
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type pf vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Except for the type of vehicle
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  Saturdays, Sundays and holidays
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  Working days
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  Days of the week
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  Validity period
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  Validity period
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  Validity period
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  Validity period
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Method of parking the vehicle
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  Parking with an idle engine
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  Paid services
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  Limitation of parking duration
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  Parking for parking permit holders only
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  Parking of diplomatic corps vehicles only
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  Place for car inspection
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  Limitation of the permitted maximum mass
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  Dangerous roadside
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  Direction of the main road
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  Traffic lane
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  Blind pedestrians
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  Wet coating
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  Disabled people
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  Except for the disabled
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  Dangerous goods class
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  Type of vehicle trolley
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  Type of vehicle trolley
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  Type of route vehicle
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  Type of route vehicle
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  Type of route vehicle
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  Obstacle
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  Obstacle
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  Obstacle
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  Photovideofixation
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  The tow truck is working
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  Environmental class of the vehicle
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  Charging electric vehicles